ΓΕΩΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ/ΜΕΤΑΛΛΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΠΕΡΙΗΓΗΣΗΟΡΥΚΤΟΣ ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΣ

Global Heritage Stone Resource (GHSR)

Estremoz marbles in Portugal have a long history. Dating back to the Roman Empire, they were used to build important monuments that can be found both in Portugal and Spain, underlining how marble had an especially important role in the architecture of that time.The great source of Portuguese marble is a world-famous geological area called the Estremoz Anticline, located in the Alentejo region.

 

Global Heritage Stone Resource” (GHSR) sounds cut and dried, but the project behind the name is fraught with emotion. The aim is to compile a list of natural stone types with particular heritage value, or, put another way, to collect the reasons why generations identified with marble, granite, etc.

Let us speak of Heritage Stone, to circumvent the cumbersome abbreviation GHSR. Not only buildings are to be listed in the compilation: millstones, e.g., can be just as important, as can be whetstones, cobblestones, other examples which immediately spring to mind.

Portland Stone (UK) Larvikite (Norway) Podpeč limestone (Slovenia) Petit granit (Belgium) Carrara marble (Italy) Estremoz marble (Portugal) Villamayor stone (Spain) Hallandia gneiss (Sweden) were reviewed and approved as GHSR. Several are being processed at the moment to be consider as candidates and are expecting last steps to achieve the designation as GHSR.



Larvikite quarry, Larvik, Norway.

 

Larvikite from Larvik, Norway

But then there is the Indication of Geographic Origin (IG) within which, e.g., granite from Britany is described and protected. It prevents other types of stone – at least in France – to call themselves granite. So what sets IG apart from “Global Heritage Stone Resource”?

The core difference is the range or geographic scope: whereas the Indication of Geographic Origin is geared to define the provenance of a stone, Heritage Stone looks at where the stone was implemented, i.e. where the stone was implemented globally. One aspect could be, how the stone defined the style of buildings even if transported across great distance, or: where was the stone used globally?Another aspect could be the historic migration of building styles across great distance.

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These are the criteria for the recognition of stone as “Global Heritage Stone Resource” (GHSR). Quoting from the project website: Heritage Stone must be or have
* Historic use for a period of at least 50 years;
* Wide-ranging geographic application;
* Utilization in significant public or industrial projects;
* Common recognition as a cultural icon, potentially including association with national identity or a significant individual contribution to architecture;
* Ongoing availability of material for quarrying;
* Cultural, scientific, architectural, environmental and commercial benefits arising from GHSR designation.

The idea of seeking recognition of stone as valuable in regard of heritage was born by natural stone experts in the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). 2008 saw the founding of the work group for Heritage Stone by its members. In 2017 the group recognized eight types of stone as Heritage Stone, the first of which was Portland Stone found across Great Britain and the most important building material in the reconstruction of London after the Great Fire in 1616.

The other are:
∗ Norwegian Larvikite with its characteristic iridescence;
∗ Belgian petit Granit, which, in fact, is a type of limestone;
∗ Swedish Hallandia Gneiss widely spread by the Hanseatic League;
∗ Slovenian Podpeč Limestone, whose quarries are protected by the country’s heritage foundation;
∗ Carrara Marble, to which the jury noted that the entry could have been accompanied by more carefully compiled documentation.

Latest submissions include Iberian Villamayor Sandstone, and Portuguese Estremoz Marble.The group hopes to recognize a similar number of submissions according to Circular Nr. 13, as can be seen on the webpage (see link below). The webpage includes a forecast of activities envisaged for the coming years. An interim list can be downloaded from the webpage. Most of the types listed are European in origin but there are submissions originating from Japan, Australia and the USA.

Next to the “Global Heritage Stone Resource”-initiative there exists a “Global Heritage Stone Province” (GHSP) about the importance of a Heritage Stone for a region.

Source: www.stone-ideas.com,   http://media.globalheritagestone.com/2018/08/HSS-Circular-13.pdf


What about Greek stones?

Krokeatis lithos (Lapis Lacedaemonius), Krokees Laconia Greece


Hic Rhodus, hic saltus!, meaning “Rhodes (the issue) is here, here is where you jump!”There are many cases of Greek marbles and natural stones that qualify for membership in this network. What is needed is to activate the Greek community on this issue. Greek marbles have a long history and should be included in the above list . Greece is renown for its famous white marbles, like the Penteli, Parian and Thasian ones, mostly coming for Attica, the Cycladic islands and from Macedonia, and much used for sculpture and architectural elements all over the classical antiquity. Less known are the important coloured stonews also used used in antiquity especially in Roman times. I just remind some of them:   krokeatis lithos (the lapis lacedaemonius of the Romans, called serpentino by the Italian stonemasons), a Permian meta-­andesite from near Sparta in the Peloponnesus; marmor taenarium (rosso antico), an Eocenian hematite-­marble from the Mani peninsula, Peloponnesus; marmor chalcidense (fior di pesco), a Triassic cataclastic limestone from Eretria, Middle Eubea and verde antico from Thessaly (Omorphokhori, north of Larisa).

[by Peter Tzeferis]

 

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